Rowland Hill's universal postage idea worked wellwithin the limits of each country where it was adopted.However, difficulties were encountered when mail wasto be transported over international boundaries. This in-volved the negotiation of separate postal treaties betweennations — a cumbersome arrangement which caused noend of confusion and, not infrequently, the stoppage ofmail delivery when treaties had expired or could not benegotiated. Dr. Heinrich von Stephan, the first postmaster
of the German Empire, labored strenuously for theestablishment of some form of an international unionthat would permit the flow of international mail with thesame ease that existed for delivery of mail within a singlecountry. His efforts resulted in the formation of the